Tires
The first thing to check is your tires. Winter tires (or snow tires) provide better traction in cold, snowy, and icy conditions compared to all-season tires. The rubber used in winter tires remains flexible even in sub-freezing temperatures, allowing them to grip the road better. If you don’t want to switch tires seasonally, ensure your all-season tires have sufficient tread depth (at least 3mm) to provide decent traction.
Brakes
Your car's brakes are vital for stopping quickly in slippery conditions. Anti-lock brakes (ABS) are a great feature to have, as they help prevent skidding by automatically modulating the brake pressure during hard stops. Make sure your brake pads are in good condition and that there are no issues with the brake fluid.
Battery
Cold weather can drain your car's battery, especially if it's older. Test your battery’s charge to avoid getting stranded in the cold. A fully charged battery is essential for starting your car on chilly mornings. If your battery is over three years old, consider having it tested and replaced if necessary.
Fluids
During winter, it’s crucial to ensure that your windshield washer fluid is topped up with a solution designed to prevent freezing. Similarly, make sure your coolant/antifreeze levels are correct to prevent your engine from freezing. Always use a good quality fluid that can withstand freezing temperatures.
Lights and Wipers
Visibility can be significantly reduced during snowstorms or fog. Make sure your headlights, taillights, brake lights, and turn signals are working properly and not obstructed by ice or snow. Check your windshield wipers to ensure they are not cracked or worn and replace them if needed.
Emergency Kit
An emergency kit can make a huge difference if you get stranded. Items to include are:
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Blankets
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Flashlight and extra batteries
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Jumper cables
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Ice scraper and brush
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First aid kit
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Sand, kitty litter, or traction mats (for getting unstuck)
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Non-perishable snacks and water
2. Adjust Your Driving for Snow and Ice
Winter driving is all about adjusting your techniques for snowy, icy, and slippery conditions. The most important thing to remember is slow and steady wins the race. Here are some tips on how to adjust your driving:
Slow Down
In winter conditions, speed limits are just guidelines. Snow and ice can significantly reduce the grip your tires have on the road, so it’s important to slow down and drive at a safe speed for the conditions. Avoid going above the speed limit, even if it seems like you can.
Increase Following Distance
In normal conditions, a three-second rule is a good rule of thumb for maintaining a safe following distance. In winter weather, increase that distance to six or more seconds to give yourself enough time to react to any changes in traffic, such as sudden stops or skids.
Brake Smoothly and Early
Braking suddenly can cause your car to lose traction, especially on icy or snowy roads. Instead, brake early and gently to allow plenty of time to come to a stop. Pump the brakes if you don’t have ABS, and avoid slamming on the brakes when possible.
Avoid Sharp Turns and Lane Changes
Sharp turns and sudden lane changes are more likely to result in skidding on slick surfaces. Always steer gently and make gradual lane changes. Don’t make any sharp movements, whether steering, braking, or accelerating, to keep your car under control.
Know How to Recover from a Skid
If your car starts to skid, stay calm. Turn your steering wheel in the direction of the skid and don’t slam on the brakes. This will help you regain control of the vehicle. Remember, if you're sliding on ice, it can take longer to regain control, so be patient.